![]() ![]() The Ancient Egyptian civilization produced the first government to rule an entire nation. The achievements of the civilization involved innovations in writing – hieroglyphics and demotic in administration in quarrying and surveying, maths and architecture in irrigation and agricultural methods as well as in developing some of the earliest ships. The surpluses were also used to fund a refined lifestyle for the elite to develop overseas trade and diplomacy and to pay for wars of conquest. The valley was fertile and rich, creating vast surpluses of crops that made possible incredible building projects such as the Pyramids and the temples of Luxor. The life of Ancient Egypt centered around the river Nile and the fertile land along its banks. The farmers in the long, narrow Nile Valley developed irrigation methods to control the flow of the water, so that crops could grow through both its rainy and dry seasons. By 3000 BCE, the unified kingdom of Egypt occupied the entire Nile Valley north of a series of rapids called the 1st Cataract (the other cataracts lay in a chain stretching south along the River Nile into present-day Sudan). At its greatest extent, in c. 1250 BCE, Ancient Egypt occupied the land in all directions from the Syrian coast in the north, to the Red Sea in the east, down the Nile Valley to Nubia in the south, and spreading west inland into the Lybian Desert. Its origins lay in several chiefdoms in Upper Egypt, at Abydos and Hierakonpolis, which then spread northwards towards Memphis and the Mediterranean. 3000 BCE to its conquest by the Romans in 31 BCE, was almost a thousand years longer than the period between 31 BCE and the present day.Įgypt is situated in the Nile Valley, in the north east of Africa. This period of history, between the civilization’s beginnings in c. During this time its culture changed out of all recognition. Some may regard the civilization of Egypt under the Ptolemies as being more Greek than Egyptian, but the older civilization was still vital enough for the kings to feel the need to present themselves to their subjects in the traditional style of the pharaohs. After that, the Nile Valley became a province of the Roman empire, and was ruled from outside its borders for nearly a thousand years. ![]() His general, Ptolemy, on becoming independent ruler of the country in 305 BCE, was also crowned pharaoh, and his line lasted down to the famous queen, Cleopatra, who died in 31 BCE. 1000 BCE, but the civilization remained very much a going concern for centuries after this.Įgypt was a leading Middle Eastern power again between 612 and 525 BCE, and the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great felt the need to have himself crowned as pharaoh in 332 BCE – which suggests that the civilization of the pharaohs still had life in it. The great days of Ancient Egypt fell between c. ![]() See Ancient Egypt’s history in maps? (Premium Resource)Īs can be seen, as well as being one of the earliest, Ancient Egypt was one of the longest lasting civilizations in world history.1150 onwards: The New Kingdom falls into declineĦ39: The Egyptians expel the Assyrians and begin a period of revivalģ32: Egypt is conquered by Alexander the Greatģ05: Ptolemy, one of Alexander the Great’s generals, founds a Greek-speaking dynastyģ0: Cleopatra, the last queen of independent Egypt in ancient times, dies, and Egypt is annexed by the Roman Empire 2150: The fall of the Old Kingdom leads to the 1st Intermediate period beginsĢ074: The Middle Kingdom begins Egypt is united and powerful againġ759: The fall of the Middle Kingdom leads to the 2nd Intermediate period, and the occupation of northern Egypt by the Hyksosġ539: The reunification of Egypt and the expulsion of the Hyksos begins the New Kingdom, a period when Egypt became a leading power in the Middle Eastġ344-1328: The pharaoh Akhenaton carries out a short-lived religious reformationġ279-1213: The reign of Rameses II brings Egypt to the height of its powerĬ. 2650: The beginning of the Old Kingdom: soon the Great Pyramids of Giza builtĬ. 3500-3000: The Pre-dynastic period, leading to the unification of EgyptĬ. Timeline of Ancient Egyptian civilization:Ĭ.5000 BCE: The coming of farming to the Nile ValleyĬ. How does Ancient Egypt fit into the wider history of the Ancient World? (Premium Resource).At this date the only other people in the world to have a literate, urban civilization were in Mesopotamia. It is usually held to have begun around 3000 BCE, when the lower Nile Valley became unified under a single ruler. The civilization of Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest in world history. The civilization of Ancient Egypt is known for its stupendous achievements in a whole range of fields, including art and architecture, engineering, medicine and statecraft. Its great buildings on the banks of the River still strike awe into those who see them. ![]()
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